History of Psychology

History of Psychology Free Online Research Papers People are constantly questioning who they are and where they have come from, these questions can easily be classified as the most common psychological, and at the same time, philosophical ideas that people face each and every day. Psychology and philosophy have much in common, including the fact that they both study human mind that is influenced by historical and cultural forces. Psychology can assist all people to organize their thoughts and gain perspective on possible mental disorders. During the mid 19th century, Wilhelm Wundt, a German physiologist started using scientific research methods to look into reaction times. This is the time when it is said that psychology actually began since this is when Wundt created the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig. In the time since psychology has cut itself off from philosophy. The exploration of psychology was begun with structuralism; this was the idea that the object of psychological investigation should be the conscious mind. This approach had its challenges and for this reason was soon replaced by functionalism. William James was the creator of this new school of thought and eventually led him to become the leading American Psychologist of his time and his principals of psychology made him the father of American Psychology. Functionalism focused on how the human behavior works towards helping people exist comfortably in their respective environments. Functionalists like to use methods such as direct observatio n. Next came Sigmund Freud, Freud took the Psychology field by storm with his ideas of the unconscious human mind being responsible for the majority of psychological disorders. Freud’s work with patients who suffered from ailments such as hysteria led him to believe that our early childhood experiences (Goodwin, C.J.) and our unconscious impulses are what lead us into becoming the individuals that we are as adults. Freud’s thoughts and ideas had such an impact on the 20th century psychology field that he actually influenced the mental well being as well as in many other fields such as art and literature. Behaviorism also emerged during the 20th century and psychology began a dramatic evolution. Behaviorism focused more on the observable behaviors and rejected the previous ideas of the conscious as well as the unconscious mind. Behaviorism became such a dominant force in the field of psychology that this school of thought reigned supreme for almost fifty years. Even though, over time, this school of thought did loose some of its steam the basic principals of behaviorism are still used today. Many therapeutic methods such as behavioral modification are often used to help children overcome maladaptive behaviors and also assist in them learning new skills. Conditioning is another type that is still used in most situations ranging from education to parenting. As we have seen, behaviorism and psychoanalysis dominated the first half of the 20th century but a new school of thought, known to us as humanistic psychology emerged during the latter half of this century. This school of thought was most frequently referred to as the â€Å"third force† in psychology and this theoretical concept lays emphasis on conscious experiences. Throughout time there have been enormous changes throughout the psychology field and there has also been an enormous amount of growth since the days of Wundt. Psychology continues to grow and change as we learn more and more about whom we are and why we are here. Recent psychological research centers mostly on the many aspects of the human behavior and experience, starting at the impact of cultural and social factors and continuing through the biological influences on human behavior. Those who practice in the field of psychology today tend not to classify themselves under one particular school of thought but rather focus on certain specialty perspectives or areas. These individuals usually draw their conclusions from a wide range of theoretical backgrounds. Due to these recent changes we must conclude that the field of psychology will continue to evolve and change throughout time and that we can still add our input to assist in the shaping of the future of this quizzical field. References Goodwin, C.J. (2008). A History of Modern Psychology (3rd ed.) Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Research Papers on History of PsychologyThree Concepts of PsychodynamicEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHip-Hop is ArtBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductGenetic EngineeringStandardized TestingThe Spring and AutumnTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Crime and Punishment essays

Crime and Punishment essays The young Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov, an aspiring, brilliant yet poor student lives in Russia in the early 1860's. It is late summer and Raskolnikovs poverty has forced him into lodging at a cheap dirty garret where he is already deeply indebted to his landlady, Praskovya Pavlovna. His unique views and thought process lead him to make random rants about numerous subjects such as society. These intellectual arguments lean the novel to a more tense and bitter atmosphere. He is without any close friends and cares little for his appearance or composure. Yet he has one major belief that later is shown to be the theme. This belief is based upon the idea that all crimes committed are discovered through the criminals own mishaps caused by their lack of will, ultimately he believes that a criminal conscience is their downfall. He sets to prove this theory by committing the perfect crime. He carefully plans the murder of an old cynical pawn broker, Alyona Ivanovna. Yet the events leading up to the murder, are a great influence on Raskolnikovs actions. At one point he meets an older man in a tavern who tells him off his poverty and self loathing. He explains that he had stolen the money from his wife and later his daughter, whom he had been forced into prostitution, and had spent this money on alcohol. Raskolnikov is utterly disgusted by the man and his tale and vows never to demean himself to such a level. Yet after the murder of the pawn broker and her sister he is struck by bouts of unconsciousness and fitful sleep. His crime and illness lead him to meet new characters who make him question the belief that he founded his crime upon. Dostoevsky uses Raskolnikovs interactions with different characters as a juxtaposition and symbolism of his own personality. When he meets the drunken man in the tavern he is touched with self loathing and self pity as he recognises his own poverty and willingness to demean himself and ot...

Recycling in Australia and China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recycling in Australia and China - Essay Example In fact, many Chinese people are relying on garbage and unwanted materials in order to make both ends meet everyday (Jazeera, 2010). The ultimate goal of China is to create a big industry for its recycling industry, but Australia is more into regulating the balance flow of its materials economy. One important distinction between Australia’s recycling industry and China’s can be depicted in their major objectives towards their recycling programme. Both of these countries seek to optimise the full advantage of the proper handling of waste materials that in return will help sustain their economy. As a result, common to their strategy when it comes to their varying recycling programme is their goal to achieve economic sustainability. In Australia for instance, the Australian Council of Recycling (ACOR) seeks to achieve efficient, sustainable materials economy. Part of this organisation’s function is to help the government addressed society’s internal issues to wards the handling of their waste materials. In China, there is a remarkable recycling market. ... y Unlike Australia, China is still in its infancy stage when it comes to organising its entire recycling industry that is why it needs to come up with relevant incentives and motivating forces to influence the stakeholders (Mo et al., 2009). Australia is highly organised when it comes to its implementation process on its recycling programme. This is due to various collaborations of its stakeholders which eventually have resulted to positive support and impact on its entire recycling industry. Remarkably, unlike China, Australia has become so focus with sufficient time to concentrate on specific objectives. For instance, to ensure maximisation of recovery and re-use, copper and zinc recycling in Australia are targeted to reach in their discard flow by about â€Å"105% and 155% to 150 Gg Cu/year and 145 Gg Zn/year† (Beers and Graeded, 2007). Furthermore, upstream and downstream sorting of residues is an integral part of Australia’s policy instrument for recycling. Part of this is to manage wood waste which has â€Å"taken a large amount of landfill space† and is said to contribute to â€Å"global warming as the process of decomposition takes place resulting to the emission of carbon dioxide and methane gases† (Taylor et al., 2009). These clearly indicate that Australia has clear and specific goals in its overall plan for its recycling strategy. In addition, there were â€Å"Industry-led initiatives collaborating with national government: Australia’s National Packaging Covenant ensures market for new materials recovered from recycling; Aluminum can industry helps encourage the community for recycling by paying people for using aluminum cans delivered to the centre; drumMuster helps to initiate collection of empty, cleaned and non-returnable crop protection and animal health

September 11 as A Turning Point In International Law Essay

September 11 as A Turning Point In International Law - Essay Example 2, para 4. cited in Schmitt 521) "as the events of 9/11 tragically demonstrated, domestic or international law enforcement may prove an insufficient tool in effectively defending against non-State actors, such as terrorists" (Schmitt 539). "the attack directly against the Taliban on October 7, 2001 challenged then-existing legal understandings of the quality and quantity of support necessary to attribute an armed attack by a non-State actor to its State sponsor" Schmitt (547). The United States approached the UN Security Council to determine the extent of military and non-military reaction to the September 11 attacks. The UN, in response, issued two new resolutions in the same month viz. Resolution 1368 and Resolution 1373. The latter explicitly declared those terrorist attacks as detrimental to international peace and security (McWhinney 280). "the administration blurs the distinction between "rouge states" and terrorists, essentially erasing the difference between terrorists and those states in which they reside. But these distinctions do indeed make a difference" (Crawford 31) Crawford (31) delineates four indispensable conditions in order for a pre-emptive action to be justified under international law. These conditions implicate that any country should not undertake such motives to advance their "imperial interests", they should be certain and be able to demonstrate potent evidence about the imminence of threat, pre-emptive strategies should be undertaken with sheer certainty that it would successfully reduce the threat and finally any intended military action against the threatening forces should be inevitable for a country to protect itself. Also, it is very important not to identify any state or organisation as imminent threat on the mere ground that it possesses the capability to harm another country. "a conception of self that justifies legitimate pre-emption in self-defence must be narrowly confined to immediate risks to life and health within borders or to life and health of citizens aboard" (Crawford 32) "not preemption, but paranoid aggression" (Crawford 32) "a preemptive-preventive doctrine moves us closer to a state of nature than to a state of international law" (Crawford 34) "When responding to a situation involves the use of force, it can

Us Involvement in Mogadishu Essay Example for Free

Us Involvement in Mogadishu Essay In response to the impending starvation of hundreds of thousands of Somalians the United States entered Somalia in December 1992 to provide humanitarian aid and establish a functioning government as under the UN mandated United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNISOM II). Acting as a replacement for the ineffectual United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I) mission UNISOM II was carried out by United States-controlled (UN-sanctioned) Unified Task Force (UNITAF). UNISOM was given the power to establish a stable environment in Somalia under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. On October 3, 1993 a battle between UNISOM joint forces and Somali militia ensued in Mogadishu. The operation was in decline following the two day battle of Mogadishu. In the fighting 18 US soldiers perished and a further 83 casualties were reported. The bodies of several US casualties were maimed and dragged through the streets of Mogadishu by an assortment of civilians and members Aidid’s Somali National Alliance. In response to the events pressure mounted for the immediate withdrawal of US troops. President Clinton announced in the days following that, â€Å"our mission from this day forward is to increase our strength, do our job, bring our soldiers out and bring them home† and that by mid 1994 all troops would be withdrawn. The US, for fear of a repeat of the events in Somalia reshaped foreign policy terms the years following. The resulting concept of the â€Å"Mogadishu Line† became intertwined in post Cold War international relations discourse. The withdrawal of US forces following the Battle of Mogadishu has been identified by its commentators as the key reason for the failure of US intervention in later conflicts such as the 1994 Rwanda Genocide. â€Å"The ghosts of Somalia continue to haunt US 2 What effect did US involvement in Mogadishu have on US foreign policy? policy. Our lack of response in Rwanda was a fear of getting involved in something like Somalia all over-again†1 Further instances of Clinton refusing to mobilize US ground troops: †¢ 200 lightly armed hostiles at the Haitian harbor of Port-au-Prince causing the withdrawal of the USS Harlan County a week after the Mogadishu battle †¢ Bosnia and Herzegovina 1995 †¢ August 1998 bombings of the US Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania Killing 224 people and wounding more than 5,000 †¢ Clinton administration retaliates with missile strike on al-Qua’ida training camps at Zahwar Kili in Afghanistan Policy makers became more keen on risk avoidance. This became evident in a change in military tactics. Following the1998 bombings of the US Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania and the failure to kill Osama bin Laden prompted for the construction of plans for an armed assault to capture the Saudi masterm ind. Officers within the Special Operations Command (SOCOM) â€Å"were eager to go after bin Laden† 2. The CIA’s evaluation of the plans estimated a 95 percent chance of successful SOCOM capture of bin Laden given the chance to launch. The plans for the operation were opposed by the top brass. According to a Pentagon officer there was â€Å"reluctance to even discuss pro-active measures associated with countering the terrorist threat through SOF operations.† 2. Concluding in a Pentagon study Richard Shultz expressed that â€Å"The Mogadishu disaster spooked the Clinton administration as well as the brass†2. There was a prolonged and persistent refusal to implement surgical special operations strikes in the face of increasing intelligence regarding unspecified al-Qa’ida plans to attack US targets. A team of 20 Delta operators and SEALs from Task Force 20 were intent on conducting a raid on a home in Mosul, Iraq. The team was backed by a force of app roximately 200 of the 101st Air Assault Division. Forces were repelled by small arms fire repeatedly. To deal with the threat US forces evacuated neighboring homes and fired 18 antitank missiles thus neutralizing the threat. Following the September 11th attacks â€Å"US policy makers became more risk acceptant in dealing with the threat posed by al-Qa’ida.† 2. 1 Former US deputy special envoy to Somalia, Walter Clarke. Command Posts (Aug 2010) â€Å"The Mogadishu Effect and Risk Acceptance† Retrieved August 2nd, 2012, from Command Post site: http://www.commandposts.com/2011/08/the-mogadishueffect-and-risk-acceptance/ 2 3 What effect did US involvement in Mogadishu have on US foreign policy? Evaluation of Sources John S. Brown, Brigadier General, U.S. Army Chief of Military History. Taken from ‘The United States Army in Somalia 1992 1994‘ The source offers the perspective of a historian under military command who was alive at the time. With both hindsight and first hand knowledge the source allows for a more-complete over view of the situation. With the purpose of education, the source is trustworthy to have usable information, however it could very well contain altered information as it has been assembled by a member of the armed forces involved. This source in particular is valuable in that it provides an overall evaluation of US involvement in Somalia from incursion to excursion. With this being written by a member of the US armed forces there is a clear bias towards US service members. This is evident in the statement â€Å"The American soldier had, as always, done his best..†. The source highlights the scope of the blow to US forces during the operation and validates the US’s later decision to refrain from providing military aid on humanitarian missions to come. â€Å"fortytwo Americans died and dozens more were wounded†. While the source serves as an accurate recount of what happened during the operation and provides a brief insight into the events following (Bosnia) it is limited by failing to directly address the topic at hand. The source does not address United States foreign policy changes as a result of the conflict. Benjamin Runkle. August 27, 2011. Taken from ‘The â€Å"Mogadishu Effect† and Risk Acceptance’ http://www.commandposts.com/2011/08/the-mogadishu-effect-and-risk-acceptance/ The above source is an extract from an article written specifically concerning policy changes as a result of incidences during the US lead operations in Somalia. It has been taken from a site focusing on military history and policy. â€Å"CommandPosts.com was launched October 5, 2010, by St. Martin;s Press as a site for military history, current events, and fiction† 3. The purpose of this source is to provide relevant information to those seeking more in depth knowledge concerning Military history. â€Å"It is the intention of CommandPosts.com to foster a community that will engage the audience and provide a location rich in rational discourse and commentary, and find creative ways to support the m ilitary community† 4. Benjamin Runkle ‘is a former paratrooper 3 Command Posts (Oct 5, 2010) ‘About’ Retrieved Oct 30, 2012 the Command Posts site: http:// www.commandposts.com/2011/08/the-mogadishu-effect-and-risk-acceptance/ 4 Command Posts (Oct 5, 2010) ‘About’ Retrieved Oct 30, 2012 the Command Posts site: http:// www.commandposts.com/2011/08/the-mogadishu-effect-and-risk-acceptance/ 4 What effect did US involvement in Mogadishu have on US foreign policy? and presidential speechwriter, with a Harvard PhD, and a Bronze Star from Operation Iraqi Freedom. He has worked in the Department of Defense and the National Security Council, and is currently a Professional Staff Member on the House Armed Services Committee.’ This makes him a person who may have more direct knowledge concerning the topic. The source is limited in that Benjamin Runkle’s current affiliation with government organizations could result in some of the information being censored. The source supports the ideas concerning the ‘Mogadishu Line’ and its prevalence concerning following operations, especially those under the clinton administration. â€Å"The Clinton administration later declined to intervene to prevent repeated atrocities in Bosnia and a genocide in Rwanda due to its experience in the Aideed manhunt†.5 Analysis It became apparent following the unacceptable loss of U.S. lives in what was intended to be a humanitarian effort that changes needed to be made to the way the U.S. deals with foreign affairs and combat operations. A week following the Mogadishu battle the USS Harlan County was withdrawn from the Haitian harbor of Port-au-Prince. The ship was faced with lightly armed hostile demonstrators who’s numbers were well bellow 200. It became evident that the Clinton administration did not want a repeat of the events in Somalia where simple peace keeping initiatives would turn into hostile combat against the very the people the U.S. forces were sent to help. Bosnia and the Rwanda genocide were no different. As a result of its experiences the U.S. officials maintained a safe distance â€Å"deciding against taking a leading role†.7 in Rwanda. Instead public statements, diplomatic demarcates, initiatives for a ceasefire and attempts at contacting both the interim government perpetr ating the killing and the RPF were the chosen course of action. The U.S. further advocated that the UN refrain from a â€Å"robust response†. 7 With the 1998 bombings of the U.S. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, killing 224 people and wounding 5,000+, the Clinton administration opted for a missile strike on the al-Qa’ida training camps at Zahwar Kili, Afghanistan. Officers within the Special Operations Command (SOCOM) were keen to launch an infiltration assault to capture Osama bin Laden, head of al-Qa’ida. In spite of a high 95 percent CIA predicted success rate of capturing bin Laden, should forces be given the go ahead to launch, members of the top brass were not convinced. The plans received strong opposition. â€Å"The Mogadishu disaster spooked the Clinton administration as well as the Command Posts (Aug 2010) â€Å"The Mogadishu Effect and Risk Acceptance† Retrieved August 2nd, 2012, from Command Post site: http://www.commandposts.com/2011/08/the- mogadishueffect-and-risk-acceptance/ 5 5 What effect did US involvement in Mogadishu have on US foreign policy? brass.†6 It was evident in the Pentagon conducted study that there was â€Å"reluctance to even discuss pro-active measures associated with countering the terrorist threat through SOF operations.†7 Not only was the Battle of Mogadishu an exemplar for a raid to capture bin Laden. The failed 1980 operation â€Å"Desert One† was â€Å"repeatedly cited as a catastrophic precedent†7 in which a team attempted the rescue of American hostages in Iran. Chairman of the Join Chiefs of Staff, General Hugh Shelton dismissed the proposed SOF raids as â€Å"dumb-ass ideas, not militarily feasible,† and â€Å"something in a Tom Clancy novel† which ignored â€Å"the time-distance factors.†7 In the face of increasing warnings of active al-Qa’ida plans for attacks on U.S. targets the refusal to consider â€Å"surgical special operations strikes in Afghanistan persisted.† A formidable team of 20 Delta operators and SEALs from Task Force 20 were intent on conducting a raid on a home in Mosul, Iraq. The team was backed by a force of approximately 200 of the 101st Air Assault Division which were situated themselves in support by fire positions to the South and northeast of the target building. Forces were repelled by small arms fire repeatedly. Commanders decided against laying siege as it was unknown if there would be escape tunnels leading away from the building. Fears were mounting for an insurgent retaliation, â€Å"trapping the U.S. forces in an ambush similar to Mogadishu.† To deal with the threat US forces evacuated neighboring homes and fired 18 antitank missiles thus neutralizing the threat. This action showed the unwillingness of US commanders to spare the lives of their men for an objective. Decreasing the number of U.S. casualties has become a priority in United States combat operations in foreign lands. Following the September 11th a ttacks â€Å"US policy makers have became more risk acceptant in dealing with the threat posed by al-Qa’ida.†. 6 Richard Shultz. Command Posts (Aug 2010) â€Å"The Mogadishu Effect and Risk Acceptance† Retrieved August 2nd, 2012, from Command Post site: http://www.commandposts.com/2011/08/the-mogadishueffect-and-risk-acceptance/ 7 6 What effect did US involvement in Mogadishu have on US foreign policy? Conclusion As a result of the tragic loss of U.S. lives in Mogadishu changes in foreign policy were issued in attempt to â€Å"prevent repeated atrocities† in future conflicts. The American public became and its leaders became sensitive to the thought of loosing more American lives. For the remainder of the Clinton administration policy towards foreign conflicts was more reserved. U.S. officials took a restrained position on conflicts concerning lands or military operations of a likeness to that of their hunt for Aideed. The losses at Mogadishu and the similar loss during the 1980 â€Å"Desert One† mission combined to restructure the way officials approached military objectives. A higher value was placed on the lives of soldiers which resulted in an increased use of alternative methods such as direct missile strikes to neutralize a thread or complete restrained actions in response to a hostile situation such as Rwanda. 7 What effect did US involvement in Mogadishu have on US foreign policy? Bibliography †¢ ‘About’ [section detailing Website purpose] Command Posts (Oct 5, 2010) Retrieved Oct 30, 2012 the Command Posts site: http://www.commandposts.com/2011/08/the-mogadishu-effect-and-risk- acceptance/ †¢ â€Å"Battle of Mogadishu† Wikepedia (2012) Retrieved June 5th, 2012, from Wikepedia site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(1993) †¢ â€Å"Bosnia and

Osmosis Essay -- Papers

Osmosis Introduction I obtained my scientific knowledge from the "AQA science: double award modular." This is an experiment that will explore the osmosis theory To make this experiment safe I will wear goggles to protect my eyes and also will make sure that when using the borer to cut the potato I have a white tile underneath. The experiment will be a fair test as I will keep the weight of the cut potato the same throughout the water and sugar solutions. I will try to keep the potatoes surface area and volume the same. I will make sure that both pieces of potato are placed in their solutions at the same time and pulled out together. I will make the weight of the potatoes the same by using the top pan balance and keeping the weight roughly the same through out the different potatoes. I will measure the potatoes to 2 decimal places (g). I will make sure the experiment is fair by completely submerging both potatoes under their solutions so they all have the same chance of releasing and taking in water or sugar solution. When repeating the experiment to get a more accurate result I will make sure I use the same controls. I will be sure to have a different test tube as some of the solution maybe left in the test tube after the last experiment. I predict that when the potato chip (in high concentrated sugar) is placed in the sugar solution it will either lose or gain in weight. As the potato is in a concentration that is higher in water than itself it will gain weight and when a potato is in a concentration that is lower in water than itself will lose weight. This is due to osmosis. Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a... ...also have an assistant to help me remove and place the potatoes in the solutions so that they all had equal amounts of time in their solutions. I can not make my experiment perfect as the are some limitations to my equipment. To obtain more evidence with osmosis I could improve certain addition aspects like the amount of solution in the test tubes, so that you could get results on whether the amount of solution affects the amount of osmosing a potato chip can do. Some potatoes could have more sugar in than others, so to extend my investigation I could produce results on which potatoes have more protein in. I could add additional information about the time it takes for osmosis. I could retrieve information on the time it takes for the potato chips to reach its limiting point that is if there is a limiting point.

Claude Monet

Art History 9 November 2012 Claude Monet: The Impressionist Claude Monet was a French Impressionist painter born on November 14th, 1840. Monet was born in Paris and was the second son to Claude Adolphe Monet and Louise Justine Aubree. On May 20th 1841, Claude Monet was baptized in the local parish church under the name of Oscar-Claude. Shortly after his birth and baptism, Claude Monet and his family moved to Le Havre in Normandy. The mid-forties brought with it a serious economic crisis and apparently a fall in trade for Monet’s father.Monet’s father was in the grocery business and he expected Monet to follow in his footsteps and carry out the family business. Monet grew up in a commercially-oriented household. Only his mother showed an interest in the arts. Her early death in 1857 was a severe blow to the seventeen year old Monet. He found sympathy for his artistic leanings with his aunt, Marie-Jeanne Lecadre. Madame Lecadre was not only in contact with the Parisian pa inter Armand Gautier, but had her own studio where she painted for pleasure and in which Monet was a welcome visitor.Monet’s relationship with his father deteriorated with time and was not improved when he decided to leave school in 1857; not to mention Monet left school shortly before his final exams. Not helping his case much. At school he received his first drawing lesson from Francois-Charles Ochard. These lessons appear to have had no profound influence on Monet, however. His memories of the period refer exclusively to the witty drawings and caricatures of his teachers and other things. Monet’s caricatures of the citizens of Le Havre, which rapidly earned him 2000 Francs, brought him a degree of local celebrity.In fig. 2, is an example of one of Monet’s caricature drawing, (Caricature of a Man with a Large Nose graphite on paper 25 x 15 cm. ) Monet was introduced to Boudin who praised Monet for his drawings. It was a turning point. Boudin took the young man with him on painting excursions into the surrounding countryside. He convinced Monet that objects painted directly in front of the motif possessed a greater vitality that those created in the studio. Monet later ascribed his decision to become a painter to his encounter with Boudin, with whom he remained in close contact with for the rest of his life. The fact that I’ve become a painter I owe to Boudin. In his infinite kindness, Boudin undertook my instruction. My eyes were slowly opened and I finally understood nature. I learned at the same time to love it. I analyzed its forms, I studied its colours. Six months later†¦I announced to my father that I wanted to become a painter and went off to Paris to study art. † So Monet wanted to become a painter. It was an idea his father eventually accepted but not without difficulty and after much persuasion from Monet’s aunt. Monet’s first oil painting was, â€Å"View of Rouelles† (seen in fig. 3. This painting was also known as, â€Å"Vue des bords de la Lezarde† because it showed a valley and streams either the Rouelles or the Lezarde, which the Rouelles flowed into. Presumed lost, the painting was discovered after hundred years and positively identified. He joined the studio of the Swiss-born painter Charles Gleyre in Paris, in 1862, where he had been for approximately two years. There he met Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Frederic Bazille and Alfred Sisley. All four of them had new approaches to art and they all painted the effects of light â€Å"en plain air† with broken color and rapid brushstrokes.That's exactly what became known as Impressionism. This period was very important; it was the culmination point of the movement Impressionism and some of Monet's best works had been painted in Argenteuil. One of the most famous Monet's paintings is â€Å"Impression: The Sunrise† (seen in fig. 4) painted in 1872 or 1873, from whose title the entire movement had got na me. It was art critic Louis Leroy, who coined the term Impressionism, and it had been derogatory, but, Impressionists had liked it and had found it very appropriate for them.The painting â€Å"Impression: The Sunrise† was exhibited 1874 at the first Impressionist exhibition in the studio of Nadar. Today, it is displayed in the Musee Marmottan-Monet in Paris. Monet continued to revise his craft until his death in 1926. With his eyesight deteriorating, one of his final and greatest feats included his creation of â€Å"The Water Lilies† paintings. (Seen in fig. 5) He worked on twelve large canvases and donated them to France. Monet is a household name that lives on in the hearts and minds of the artistic individuals and the lovers of art and its creators everywhere.When looking at Claude Monet’s life, I came to a realization, that he blazed a trail in the art world and he never looked back. Never took no for an answer. Inspired others to find their voice, and creat ed a movement that challenged the status quo in the painting world. The question shouldn’t be, â€Å"what did Monet contribute to the art world? No. In this case it should be â€Å"what didn’t Monet contribute to the art world? Monet's extraordinarily long life and large artistic output befit the enormity of his contemporary popularity.Impressionism, for which he is a pillar, continues to be one of the most reproduced styles of art for popular consumption in the form of calendars, postcards, and posters. Additionally, his paintings command top prices at auctions. Monet's work is in every major museum worldwide and continues to be sought after. While there have been major internationally touring retrospectives of his work, even the presence of one Monet painting can anchor an entire exhibition for the audience. The impact of his experiments with changing mood and light on static surfaces can be seen in most major artistic movements of the early twentieth century.When reading books about Monet’s life and his life work, I started to make a list of what made up the â€Å"Impressionist† style. Some elements I found talked about were, absence of light and shade and local tone, division of color and systematic use of complimentary colors and finally, plein-airism which is to try and recreate the outdoor light and air while painting in daylight. Monet was able to gather these elements and use them to help express his style in a unique way artistically, and allowed others to follow him. Through Impressionism, Monet was allowed freedom and a zest for life.Not staying in the lines or playing it safe. Monet shed some light on following your true calling and doing what you feel truly called to do. Monet runs the risk of shattering the traditional image of things as he pushes on towards his dream of the Impressionistic movement. For example, Monet isn’t afraid to give his canvases that chalky appearance which is indicated by the subject under contemplation. His craftsmanship is never systematic, whether he is showing fields of grass, or rocks and the sea. He has long strokes as well as fragmented ones.Then sometimes there’s a lot of what is called â€Å"brisk fluttering† which moves about the painting much like a butterfly would fly around. From far away his work can feel like a mash up of colors. But when you get closer you begin to see what he saw. What he was trying to portray through his works. I think what really stands out to me are the â€Å"Water Lilies† ( see figure 6) from a distance all you see is color and you don’t see the distinct shapes. But I guess that’s the thing, the shapes aren’t distinct. They are up for interpretation.That’s sort of the whole point of Impressionism, or that’s what I think anyways. Monet brought spontaneity to the art world. He brought rhythm and harmony but in an unconventional way. Monet brought freedom of expression bac k to art and took it to new heights. Monet breathed hope back into the arts, bringing â€Å"poetry back to science. † Monet taught us a new way to see the world, perceive it, and recreate it in a way we see fit. Growing up we had one of Monet’s infamous â€Å"Water Lilies† paintings hanging on our wall. It was called, â€Å"Bridge over a Pool of Water Lilies. † (See fig. ) I was young, but I remember it hanging around, literally, in our old house and for a while in the house we live in now. Truthfully, I thought it was a painting of turtles in water. The way the water lilies sat next to each other I could clearly make out eyes and the body of turtles. Oh how I laugh when I think of that. It’s funny. But that’s what I got out of Monet’s paintings when I was little. In fact when I glance at it now, that’s still what I see. I wonder what Monet would think if he were alive today and I told him that. Maybe he would laugh. Maybe he w ould say it was okay I got it wrong.But it was my own interpretation, so was it wrong? I appreciate Impressionistic art; a lot. I appreciate Monet and what he stood for and worked for. I appreciate the fact that it is an impression of what the world looks like but if they colors aren’t perfect or the lines are straight, it’s still okay. One picture that I really enjoyed was, â€Å"Woman with a Parasol – Madame Monet and Her Son. † (See fig. 8) When looking at this picture you can feel the wind on her face, in her hair, around her dress. All you have to do is look at this painting and you can really feel it.I can also see the chalky or abrupt strokes he used in the sky. The whites are not mixed in with the blues and its sticks out and I like that. It’s not formal. I love all the colors in the blades of grass. I don’t know about you but when I think of grass one color comes to mind, yep, green. But when Monet thinks of grass he sees greens, br owns, yellows, red, gray†¦I could keep going. But it all works so well together. All those stokes of color. One stroke, that’s all it takes. Monet doesn’t mix his colors together. They stand by themselves, proud and ready to be seen. I enjoy that.The mystery he conveys in the woman’s face is also intriguing. The picture makes you think, your mind doesn’t get bored quickly when you look at this painting. The details in the young boy’s hat are nice. The pop of red on the ribbon that goes around the hat, it stands out the eye and you catch it right away. It also helps bring out the reds in the blades of grass. Some other works that fascinated me while I was reading about Monet was his little series on boats. I enjoyed, â€Å"Boating on the Epte† and â€Å"In the Rowing Boat. † (See fig. 9 and 10). When looking at these paintings I was quickly reminded of the movie The Notebook.Specifically because in the movie the main characters ar e in a boat much like the ones in the pictures, and they have a sort of romance about them. They just look so romantic, the paintings. I don’t know if that was the intention behind these but its how I have interpreted them. It just amazes me, how Monet has such a loose stroke or a loose way of painting and yet it still turns out looking so good with great accuracy. He was a pretty good drawer before he started to paint so I’m sure that helps, but just looking at the details in these paintings I have grown such a respect for the Impressionists of the world.I respect them and their craft. I couldn’t do it, and they do it with what looks like ease. Monet makes me believe that if I put my mind to it, anything is possible. I know that sounds a bit cliche, but it’s true. Monet started a movement, and it opened a whole new way of thinking for artists. I think if I were to seriously pursue painting or something of that sort, Monet would definitely be role model. I’m really into fashion, and in a way, Monet’s style of painting could inspire a clothing line. The colors of his paintings surely would do the trick.His earthy tones would do great in the fall, and the whites and cool blues for winter. So I guess, Monet didn’t only have an impact on the art world, he kind of has an impact on the whole world. His styles could be used for more than painting. I’ve learned nothing is too big to chase. Monet is a classic get knocked down seven times, stand up eight kind of stories. Life changes every day. Nothing stays the same. It is always up for interpretation. I think Monet captured that idea and thought through a brush and paint. Monet is telling us we call all do the same, in our own way.

Job Application Letter & Resume Essay

I was introduced to your company by Mr. Brad Earls, one of your lead technicians. He has enlightened me that one of your Dallas offices is pursuing to hire qualified persons for your technical support department. I have more than a year and a half experience in the technical support field, inclusive of being the senior technician at my workplace now, Argon Technologies. Although I have no college experience, I have received hands-on training from a Board Certified technician, who is also the owner of the company now. He felt that I was qualified enough to train, and after about six months, I was named the lead tech, over the other techs who worked here long before myself. Our company has tripled in size since my start date, however I am still the only in office tech. Please note that there have always been two or more before I was an employee here. Unfortunately, this being a small, family owned business, I am about as high up here as I will ever be. Having received extensive training from this junior company, I feel it has prepared me to expand my knowledge and move up to a more prospering one. Candace N. Brooks (your address) (your contact numbers) (your email address) Objective: To obtain a position in which I am able to maximize my technical skills, quality assurance, program development, and training experience. Professional Experience Argon Technologies, August, 2007 to Present Senior Technician Resolved all customer issues over the phone or at their specific locations. Only technician in office for a growing ISP company with over 1,000 dial-up and wireless customers. Responsible for computer repair on the side at the same company. Repaired VoIP phones, routers, PC’s and other equipment. Handled all customer complaints in a professional manner. Mended issues with other companies doing business with ours. Skills Trained in technical support, exceptional customer service, quality leadership skills, accel with individual or teamwork, type up to 60 wpm, knowledgeable with most Microsoft programs (word, excel, powerpoint, access, ect.) and Adobe photoshop, reader, and acrobat. Trained in data entry, scheduling, billing, ect. (entry level office work). Can prioritize workload and work in a fast-paced environment. Excellent written and verbal communication skills (detail oriented). Education University of Phoenix Online – Healthcare Administration Bland High School Merit, Texas Organizations 2006 – 2008 Troophelper.com Greenville, Texas Volunteer

Separation

Separation Margaret Mayer’s work bases on observation of how children and their mothers behave (as cited in Goldstein, 1995, p.117). According to Mahler, psychological birth of human beings relates to the development of object relations. She asserts that the process of Separation-Individuation comprises of separation and individuation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Separation-Individuation Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During separation, the baby acquires love, and during the individuation stage, the baby shows and develops his uniqueness. The mother supports the process of separation and individuation through encouragement. Mahler (as cited in Goldstein, 1995, p.117) describes the process of Separation-Individuation as comprising of six stages that aid separation-individuation. I agree with Mahler’s argument that the child’s preoccupations during the autistic stage are physiological needs and that the child is not aware of what happens in the surrounding (as cited in Goldstein, 1995, p.118). However, I disagree that the child does not respond to stimuli. Children start responding to stimuli as early as when they are a day old. Mahler should have argued that the ability to respond to stimuli is relatively less at this stage as compared to later stages. The Symbiotic stage is the second stage in the process of Separation-Individuation. I think what Mahler proposes in this phase is true (as cited in Goldstein, 1995, p.118). I agree that, at this stage, the child’s image of self and the object is one. This is a period between one and four months, and so, the child cannot differentiate between self and object. It is also true that the child desires all good things and expels all bad ones. My observation also agrees with Mahler on the assertion that the child smiles at everyone during the early stages of this period but later, only smiles to the mother (as cited in Goldstein, 1995, p.118). It is also true that, during this stage, the infant depends on the mother’s ego. The mother links the baby to the world, and what the child perceives from her makes up what the child thinks about self. This is because the child is still too young to have an own view of the world. Mahler proposes the differentiation sub-phase as the next stage in the Separation-Individuation process. According to her (as cited in Goldstein, 1995, p.118), this phase occurs at approximately five months. She argues that the child is more alert and has direction in everything. I do not agree with her assertion that the child has direction in everything. My observation shows that, at the age of five months, the child reacts to things depending on how they occur.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I, however, agree that, at six months the infant explores and experiment s with everything, and can distinguish personal view of things from that of the mother (Goldstein, 1995, p.120). The child substitutes the mother with other objects depending on the relationship between the child and those objects. I have observed that children tend to concentrate on toys and other things and not the mother. As proposed by Mahler, the practicing Sub phase continues with the process of separating self from other objects (as cited in Goldstein, 1995, p.121). The infant attempts to be free from the mother. This is the stage when the child tests individual abilities and freedom. Later in this stage, the child manages to move independently and admires the surrounding. The child enjoys the environment and forgets the difficulties encountered in trying to act independently (Goldstein, 1995, p.122). Mahler’s propositions are believable because children between 8 and 15 months are normally learning to walk, and pay less attention to the mother. They touch everything i n their environment and spend most of their time with their toys. They dismantle and disorganize things in their environment in the process of experimenting. They do not give up trying to walk even when they fall and hurt themselves in the process. Mahler proposes the Rapprochement Sub-phase as a stage in individuation and development of cognitive and motor functions. In this phase, the child fears separation from the mother and wants the mother to be always available (as cited in Goldstein, 1995, p.123). The infant develops attachment to other people after realizing that the mother is not always available (Goldstein, 1995, p.124). The child learns verbal communication and stops depending on preverbal empathy. This is when the child realizes that the mother has her own life. At this point, the child notices that the mother can also hate apart from loving (Goldstein, 1995, p.124). I agree with Mahler that children aged 1 to 2 years want the mother to be always near them, but cannot h ave them. They then develop an attachment to other caregivers because the mother is not available all the time. It is also true that, at this age, children understand their mothers well because they are old enough, and the mother can punish them when they go wrong. The last stage that Mahler proposes is the Object Constancy Stage (between 2 and 3 years) (as cited in Goldstein, 1995, p.125). These propositions are correct because children are old enough to know how an object looks like even when it is absent. These children are also old enough to know their gender identities and individualities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Separation-Individuation Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference Goldstein, E (1995). Ego Psychology and social work practice (2nd ed). New York: The Free Press.

Customer service phrases that will help in any tough situation

Customer service phrases that will help in any tough situation Customer service is  important in any company. They are the front-runners  for customer interaction and satisfaction. With that being said, customers judge a company based on their interaction experience either through phone, email, or face to face.   Depending  on how well it goes customers  can decide  whether or not they want to continue business with these companies. With these tips on how to handle customers in tough situations, you are bound to help them feel valued and heard. Your customer service will be unforgettable!Source [ SlickText ]

Life Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Life Learning - Essay Example Even so, there are some lessons and experiences that one must undergo before becoming a leader. Based on the Kolb-Fry model, one has to undergo an effective learning process that sees one go through the stages of a concrete experience, observation and reflection of the experience, analysis and conclusion, which eventually results in new experiences. Through such experiences, undergoes enough tests to gain leadership traits. While leadership may be inbuilt, at times it involves intensive training before one acquires desired leadership qualities. Through training, one understands the need to inspire and empower others. This lies under psychological leadership in which a person reads the psychology of followers and understands exactly how to direct them to realize organizational objectives. The number of natural born leaders is very few in the current society. I have experienced several leadership mishaps in the organizations I have worked in over the years. To enhance effectiveness in leadership, it is essential for one to train them in lieu to the setting they find themselves at that time. Great leadership is about one’s actions, and not about what they know about leadership. Naturally, I am an outgoing, generous, and carefree person. I am smart can learn anything fast, and have a great memory. I have always had a lot of friends at home, school and work. I have always been a leader and I understa nd how to take on a task and complete with quality. People look up to me at my workplace, and I have been the motivator in the departments I have worked at. Leadership training is at times ineffective. Naturally, leaders are not trained; they are developed. I learnt that it is nearly impossible for a person to tell another on how to lead. Developing a leader is easier and much more effective than training a leader. That is the reason as to why most leadership training programs are ineffective. Sometimes one is just not born

How successful the Vietnamese people living in the United States are Research Paper

How successful the Vietnamese people living in the United States are today since they came to the United States after 1975 - Research Paper Example ounterparts who immigrated to the United States from East Asia mainly for economic interests, the Vietnamese are less accomplished both financially and academically. Even though the community of Vietnamese immigrants in the United States faces many challenges, their economic status has been reported to have improved dramatically, especially between the late 1980s and the early 2000. In 1989 for instance, the Vietnamese Americans who lived below the poverty line formed 34 percent of the entire Vietnamese American population while in 1999 the number had reduced by more than half to 16 percent (Bankston 213). On the social front, Vietnamese Americans have made notable steps ever since they came to the United States. According to Collette (57), a study carried out in 2008 showed that the Vietnamese community in the United States is one among the most assimilated immigrant communities in the country. Despite the lower rate of economic and cultural assimilation as compared to other immigrant groups, the rate of civic assimilation in the community was the highest among the relatively large groups of immigrants (Collette 59). The study attributed the slower rates of economic and cultural assimilation to the language difference with the American communities. The high rates of civic assimilation were attributed to the fact that, since most of them are political refugees, they expect to stay permanently in the United States and, therefore, have become more involved in politics than most of the other immigrant groups. Most of the Vietnamese Americans are anti-communism. This made most of them support the Republican Party, although the support has reportedly been eroded in the recent past. They preferred the Republican Party since they view the Democratic Party as not as anti-communist as the Republican Party is. However, the second generation of the immigrant group as well as the newer and poorer refugees has been reported to show support for the Democratic Party. Even then,